鍘熸枃锛
銆聽聽聽 y貌n伞 ji脿n pi膩n d矛 sh铆 s膩n
銆 銆 鐢犅 闂绰犅 绡嚶犅 绗 鍗伮 涓壜
s奴n zi yu膿 锛 f谩n x墨n伞 sh墨 sh铆 w脿n 锛宑h奴 zh膿n伞 qi膩n l菒 锛宐菐i x矛n伞 zh墨
瀛櫬 瀛 鏇奥 锛 鍑÷ 鍏绰犅 甯埪 鍗伮 涓嚶 锛 鍑郝 寰伮犅犅 鍗兟犅 閲 锛 鐧韭 濮撀犅 涔
f猫i 锛 伞艒n伞 ji蓱 zh墨 f猫n伞 锛 r矛 f猫i qi膩n j墨n 锛 n猫i w脿i s膩o d貌n伞 锛宒脿i
璐孤 锛 鍏犅 瀹堵 涔嬄 濂壜犅 锛 鏃 璐孤 鍗兟犅 閲懧 锛 鍐吢 澶柭 楠毬 鍔犅 锛 娈
y煤 d脿o l霉 锛 b霉 d茅 c膩o sh矛 zh臎 锛 q墨 sh铆 w脿n ji膩 銆 xi膩n伞 sh菕u sh霉
浜 閬撀 璺 锛 涓 寰 鎿嵚 浜嬄 鑰吢 锛 涓 鍗伮 涓嚶 瀹堵 銆 鐩嘎犅犅 瀹埪犅 鏁
ni谩n 锛 y菒 zh膿n伞 y铆 r矛 zh墨 sh猫n伞 锛 茅r 脿i ju茅 l霉 b菐i j墨n 锛 b霉 zh墨 d铆
骞绰犅 锛 浠 浜壜犅犅 涓 鏃 涔嬄 鑳溌犅犅 锛 鑰 鐖 鐖 聽绂 鐧韭 閲懧 锛 涓 鐭ヂ 鏁
zh墨 q铆n伞 zh臎 锛宐霉 r茅n zh墨 zh矛 y臎 锛宖膿i r茅n zh墨 ji膩n伞 y臎 锛宖膿i zh菙 zh墨
涔嬄 鎯吢犅 鑰吢 锛 涓 浠伮 涔嬄 鑷陈 涔 锛 闈灺 浜郝 涔嬄 灏喡犅犅 涔 锛 闈灺 涓宦 涔
zu菕 y臎 锛 f膿i sh猫n伞 zh墨 zh菙 y臎 銆
浣惵 涔 锛 闈灺 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄 涓宦 涔 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 m铆n伞 j奴n xi谩n ji膩n伞 锛 su贸 y菒 d貌n伞 茅r sh猫n伞 r茅n 锛 ch茅n伞 伞艒n伞 ch奴
鏁 鏄幝犅 鍚浡 璐ぢ犅 灏喡犅犅 锛 鎵聽 浠 鍔犅 鑰 鑳溌犅犅 浜郝 锛 鎴惵犅犅 鍔熉犅 鍑
y煤 zh貌n伞 zh臎 锛 xi膩n zh墨 y臎 銆 xi膩n zh墨 zh臎 锛 b霉 k茅 q菙 y煤 伞u菒 sh茅n 锛
浜 浼椔犅犅 鑰吢 锛 鍏埪犅 鐭ヂ 涔 銆 鍏埪犅 鐭ヂ 鑰吢 锛 涓 鍙 鍙 浜 楝悸 绁灺犅 锛
b霉 k臎 xi脿n伞 y煤 sh矛 锛宐霉 k臎 y脿n y煤 d霉锛宐矛 q菙 y煤 r茅n 锛 zh墨 d铆 zh墨 q铆n伞
涓 鍙 璞÷犅犅 浜 浜嬄 锛 涓 鍙 楠屄 浜 搴 锛 蹇 鍙 浜 浜郝 锛 鐭ヂ 鏁 涔嬄 鎯
zh臎 y臎 銆
鑰吢 涔 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 y貌n伞 ji膩n y菕u w菙 锛 y菕u y墨n ji膩n 锛 y菕u n猫i ji膩n 锛 y菕u f菐n ji膩n 锛
鏁 鐢犅 闂绰犅 鏈壜 浜 锛 鏈壜 鍥犅 闂绰犅 锛 鏈壜 鍐吢 闂绰犅 锛 鏈壜 鍙嵚 闂绰犅 锛
y菕u s菒 ji膩n 锛 y菕u sh膿n伞 ji膩n 銆 w菙 ji膩n j霉 q菒 锛 m貌 zh墨 q铆 d脿o 锛宻h矛
鏈壜 姝 闂绰犅 锛 鏈壜 鐢熉犅犅 闂绰犅 銆 浜 闂绰犅 淇 璧 锛 鑾 鐭ヂ 鍏 閬撀 锛 鏄
w猫i sh茅n j矛 銆 r茅n j奴n zh墨 b菐o y臎 銆 y墨n ji膩n zh臎 锛 y墨n q铆 xi膩n伞 r茅n
璋撀 绁灺犅 绾 銆 浜郝 鍚浡 涔嬄 瀹澛 涔 銆 鍥犅 闂绰犅 鑰吢 锛 鍥犅 鍏 涔÷犅犅 浜
茅r y貌n伞 zh墨 锛 n猫i ji膩n zh臎 锛 y墨n q铆 伞u膩n r茅n 茅r y貌n伞 zh墨 锛沠菐n ji膩n
鑰 鐢犅 涔嬄 锛 鍐吢 闂绰犅 鑰吢 锛 鍥犅 鍏 瀹樎犅 浜郝 鑰 鐢犅 涔嬄 锛 鍙嵚 闂
zh臎 锛 y墨n q铆 d铆 ji膩n 茅r y貌n伞 zh墨 锛 s菒 ji膩n zh臎 锛 w茅i ku谩n伞 sh矛 y煤
鑰吢 锛 鍥犅 鍏 鏁 闂绰犅 鑰 鐢犅 涔嬄 锛 姝 闂绰犅 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 璇陈犅犅 浜嬄 浜
w脿i 锛 l矛n伞 w煤 ji膩n zh墨 zh墨锛屆﹔ chu谩n y煤 d铆 ji膩n y臎 锛 sh膿n伞 ji膩n zh臎 锛
澶柭 锛 浠ぢ犅 鍚 闂绰犅 鐭ヂ 涔 锛岃 浼犅犅犅 浜 鏁 闂绰犅 涔 锛 鐢熉犅犅 闂绰犅 鑰吢 锛
f菐n b脿o y臎 銆
鍙嵚 鎶ヂ 涔 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 s膩n j奴n zh墨 sh矛 锛 m貌 q墨n y煤 ji膩n 锛 sh菐n伞 m貌 h貌u y煤 ji膩n 锛宻h矛 m貌
鏁 涓壜 鍐浡 涔嬄 浜嬄 锛 鑾 浜猜 浜 闂绰犅 锛 璧徛犅犅 鑾 鍘毬 浜 闂绰犅 锛 浜嬄 鑾
m矛 y煤 ji膩n 銆俧膿i sh猫n伞 zh矛 b霉 n茅n伞 y貌n伞 ji膩n 锛宖膿i r茅n y矛 b霉 n茅n伞 sh菒
瀵 浜 闂绰犅 銆 闈灺 鍦B犅犅 鏅郝 涓 鑳铰犅 鐢犅 闂绰犅 锛 闈灺 浠伮 涔 涓 鑳铰犅 浣柯
ji膩n 锛 f膿i w膿i mi脿o b霉 n茅n伞 d茅 ji膩n zh墨 sh铆 銆 w膿i z膩i w膿i z膩i 锛 w煤
闂绰犅 锛 闈灺 寰 濡櫬犅 涓 鑳铰犅 寰 闂绰犅 涔嬄 瀹灺 銆 寰 鍝壜 寰 鍝壜 锛 鏃
su菕 b煤 y貌n伞 ji膩n y臎 銆 ji膩n sh矛 w猫i f膩 茅r xi膩n w茅n zh臎 锛 ji膩n y菙 su菕
鎵聽 涓 鐢犅 闂绰犅 涔 銆 闂绰犅 浜嬄 鏈 聽鍙 鑰 鍏埪犅 闂宦 鑰吢 锛 闂绰犅 涓 鎵聽
伞脿o zh臎 ji膿 s菒 銆 f谩n j奴n zh墨 su菕 y霉 j墨 锛宑h茅n伞 zh墨 su菕 y霉 伞艒n伞 锛宺茅n
鍛娐 鑰吢 鐨喡 姝 銆 鍑÷ 鍐浡 涔嬄 鎵聽 娆 鍑 锛 鍩幝犅犅 涔嬄 鎵聽 娆 鏀宦犅 锛 浜郝
zh墨 su菕 y霉 sh膩 锛 b矛 xi膩n zh墨 q铆 sh菕u ji膩n伞 銆亃u菕 y貌u 銆 y猫 zh臎 銆乵茅n
涔嬄 鎵聽 娆 鏉聽 锛 蹇 鍏埪犅 鐭ヂ 鍏 瀹埪犅 灏喡犅犅 銆 宸β 鍙 聽銆 璋 鑰吢 銆 闂
zh臎 銆 sh臎 r茅n zh墨 x矛n伞 m铆n伞 锛 l矛n伞 w煤 ji膩n b矛 su菕 zh墨 zh墨 銆 b矛 su菕
鑰吢 銆 鑸嵚 浜郝 涔嬄 濮撀犅 鍚嵚犅 锛 浠ぢ犅 鍚 闂绰犅 蹇 绱⒙ 鐭ヂ 涔嬄 銆 蹇 绱
d铆 r茅n zh墨 ji膩n l谩i ji膩n w菕 zh臎 锛 y墨n 茅r l矛 zh墨 锛 d菐o 茅r sh臎 zh墨 锛
鏁 浜郝 涔嬄 闂绰犅 鏉ヂ 闂绰犅 鎴 鑰吢 锛 鍥犅 鑰 鍒 涔嬄 锛 瀵悸 鑰 鑸嵚 涔嬄 锛
伞霉 f菐n ji膩n k臎 d茅 茅r y貌n伞 y臎 銆 y墨n sh矛 茅r zh墨 zh墨 锛 伞霉 xi膩n伞 ji膩n 銆
鏁 鍙嵚 闂绰犅 鍙 寰 鑰 鐢犅 涔 銆 鍥犅 鏄 鑰 鐭ヂ 涔嬄 锛 鏁 涔÷犅犅 闂绰犅 銆
n猫i ji膩n k臎 d茅 茅r sh菒 y臎 锛 y墨n sh矛 茅r zh墨 zh墨 锛屔∶ s菒 ji膩n w茅i ku谩n伞
鍐吢 闂绰犅 鍙 寰 鑰 浣柯 涔 锛 鍥犅 鏄 鑰 鐭ヂ 涔嬄 锛 鏁 姝 闂绰犅 涓郝 璇
sh矛锛宬臎 sh菒 伞脿o d铆 锛 y墨n sh矛 茅r zh墨 zh墨 锛屔∶ sh膿n伞 ji膩n k臎 sh菒 r煤 q墨 銆
浜 锛屽彲 浣柯 鍛娐 鏁 锛 鍥犅 鏄 鑰 鐭ヂ 涔 锛 鏁 鐢熉犅犅 闂绰犅 鍙 浣柯 濡 鏈 銆
銆 銆
w菙 ji膩n zh墨 sh矛 锛 zh菙 b矛 zh墨 zh墨 锛 zh墨 zh墨 b矛 z脿i y煤 f菐n ji膩n 锛 伞霉
浜 闂绰犅 涔嬄 浜嬄 锛 涓宦 蹇 鐭ヂ 涔嬄 锛 鐭ヂ 涔嬄 蹇 鍦 浜 鍙嵚 闂绰犅 锛 鏁
f菐n ji膩n b霉 k臎 b煤 h貌u y臎 銆
鍙嵚 闂绰犅 涓 鍙 涓 鍘毬 涔 銆
銆 銆
x墨 y墨n zh墨 x矛n伞 y臎 锛 y墨 zh矛 z脿i xi脿 锛 zh艒u zh墨 x矛n伞 y臎 锛 l菤 y谩 z脿i
鏄 娈仿 涔嬄 鍏绰犅 涔 锛 浼 鎸毬 鍦 澶徛 锛 鍛犅 涔嬄 鍏绰犅 涔 锛 鍚 鐗 鍦
y墨n 銆 伞霉 w茅i m铆n伞 j奴n xi谩n ji膩n伞 锛 n茅n伞 y菒 sh脿n伞 zh矛 w茅i ji膩n zh臎 锛
娈仿 銆 鏁 鎯熉 鏄幝犅 鍚浡 璐ぢ犅 灏喡犅犅 锛 鑳铰犅 浠 涓娐犅犅 鏅郝 涓郝 闂 聽聽鑰吢 锛
b矛 ch茅n伞 d脿 伞艒n伞 銆 c菒 b墨n伞 zh墨 y脿o 锛 s膩n j奴n zh墨 su菕 sh矛 茅r d貌n伞 y臎 銆
蹇 鎴惵犅犅 澶 鍔熉 銆 姝 鍏德犅 涔嬄 瑕伮 锛 涓壜 鍐浡 涔嬄 鎵聽 鎭兟 鑰 鍔犅 涔 銆
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Translation:(Translated from the Chinese version By LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910))
XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
1. Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor.
2. Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity.
3. One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.
4. Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge.
5. Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation.
6. Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.
7. Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.
8. When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads." It is the sovereign's most precious faculty.
9. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.
10. Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.
11. Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.
12. Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy.
13. Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.
14. Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved.
15. Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity.
16. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.
17. Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.
18. Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
19. If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.
20. Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.
21. The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.
22. It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies.
23. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.
24. Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.
25. The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.
26. Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin.
27. Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. Spies are a most important element in water, because on them depends an army's ability to move. |